Dural carotid-cavernous fistulas: our experience with endovascular management

Abstract Background Indirect carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCF) are dural arteriovenous fistula of the cavernous sinus and generally present with ocular symptoms. High index clinical suspicion radiological work up is required for diagnosis, treatment primarily endovascular embolization. We our experience in diagnosis management indirect CCF along technical evolution to perform embolization different vascular accesses difficult anatomy. Results Among a total 20 cases who were treated department from 2013 2020, five (25%) type C 15 (75%) D. Seven trans-arterial access only, 11 by transvenous two taking both access. No recurrence was seen angiographically cured patients. Out seven patients suffered various grades visual deficit, recovered completely had fixed deficit. Third sixth cranial nerve palsy persisted even after Conclusion treatable cause troublesome Endovascular preferred excellent short- long-term outcome. The becomes challenging where conventional occluded.